San Francisco Silent Film Festival

Beggars of Life

Advance notice has been published of some of the key films to be shown at the San Francisco Silent Film Festival. Here’s the press release:

SAN FRANCISCO, April 9 /PRNewswire/ — The art of silent film will be restored to its original brilliance when The 12th Annual San Francisco Silent Film Festival brings a classic love story, a dramatic portrayal of hobo life, a British suspense-thriller and other great silent films back to the big screen, all with live musical accompaniment, on July 13-15.

The majestic Castro Theatre in San Francisco will once again be the site for a weekend-long celebration of silent film, so we can continue to raise awareness of the need to protect, preserve and restore these movies,” said Artistic Director Stephen Salmons.

“The movies that Hollywood produces today owe their inspiration and their soul to the pioneering geniuses of the silent era, many of whom we will salute at this year’s festival,” Salmons said.

Among the special programs that will highlight the 2007 festival is an Opening Night Presentation of Ernst Lubitsch’s THE STUDENT PRINCE IN OLD HEIDELBERG (1927), starring Norma Shearer and Ramon Novarro. “This is one of the all-time great love stories, full of wit, zest and heart,” Salmons said. The festival also will screen William A. Wellman’s BEGGARS OF LIFE (1928), a gritty, unsentimental portrait of hobo life starring Richard Arlen, Louise Brooks and Wallace Beery.

“BEGGARS OF LIFE is a film we have hoped to show for years,” Salmons said. “It depicts homelessness in the pre-crash 1920s – something rarely seen in mainstream cinema. Thanks to George Eastman House, the sole surviving 16mm print has now been returned to 35mm, so we can finally show the film again in its original format.” Live musical accompaniment will be provided by The Mont Alto Motion Picture Orchestra, a chamber ensemble that performs period- authentic photoplay music.

The festival will highlight the work of an early master of British cinema “- and no, it isn’t Alfred Hitchcock,” Salmons said, “even though the film we are showing is a real nail-biter, every bit as suspenseful and surprising as anything Hitchcock dreamt up.” A COTTAGE ON DARTMOOR (1929), directed by Anthony Asquith, is a psychological thriller which relates the story of a love triangle between a barber’s assistant, a manicurist, and one of their clients. The musical accompaniment also will be “the work of a British master,” Salmons noted. “We are importing pianist Stephen Horne from London to perform his acclaimed solo score for this film.”

The festival’s tribute to Turner Classic Movies will feature a rare screening of the infamous 1921 version of CAMILLE, starring Rudolph Valentino and Alla Nazimova.

“It holds a unique position in film history as one of the most flamboyant art films ever to come out of a Hollywood studio”, Salmons said. “The costumes, the sets, and above all the extraordinary stylized acting of Nazimova, a notorious figure of the silent era, make it a once-in-a-lifetime experience. It will absolutely light up the big screen.”

The 12th Annual San Francisco Silent Film Festival opens on Friday, July 13 and runs through Sunday, July 15, at the Castro Theatre, 429 Castro Street in San Francisco. Complete program details and information on how to purchase tickets will be announced in May at http://www.silentfilm.org. The San Francisco Silent Film Festival is a nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting silent film as an art form and as a cultural and record.

Il Cinema Ritrovato

Il Cinema Ritrovato is held every June/July at the Cinemateca Bologna, Italy, and is one of the world’s major festivals of film restoration. It always has a major silent film component. Details of this year’s festival, which takes place Saturday 30 June-Saturday 7 July, have just been published. Those to be featured include Charlie Chaplin (subject of a major Bologna retrospective and exhibition); Asta Nielsen; films from 1907; the American silents and early sound films of Michael Curtiz; and some major silent restorations from Lubitsch (Als Ich Tot War, 1916), Von Stroheim (Austria’s restoration of Blind Husbands, 1919), De Mille (Dynamite, 1929), Stiller (Madame de Thèbes, 1915); and from Germany, Schatten der Weltstadt (Willi Wolff, 1925); a Polish find, A Strong Man (Henryk Szaro, 1929); and what the festival is calling its most amazing discovery of all, a Swedish film called The Spring of Life (Paul Garbagni, 1912), with Sjöström, Stiller, and af Klercker as actors. From Italy they will have L’Odissea (Bertolini-Padovan, 1911), Maciste imperatore (Guido Brignone, 1924), and the beginning of the Ghione Project.

The festival will also cover CinemaScope, melodrama of the 1940s/50s, Raffaello Matarazzo, and Sacha Guitry. More details from the Ritrovato site.

Eadweard Muybridge chronology

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Stephen Herbert has published an online chronology of the life and work of Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904), whose sequence photography in the 1870s and 1880s led the way to motion pictures as we understand them. The chronology covers events in his life, and his whereabouts; Muybridge’s published photographs, books, articles, and letters; Muybridge’s unpublished correspondence; correspondence (by others) that mentions Muybridge, where this is useful; books, articles, newspaper reports, advertisements, published during Muybridge’s lifetime, that refer to his life or work. The chronology is still being developed, corrected and expanded. Muybridge’s full achievement is still being avidly researched, and new discoveries are still being made. This is an important new resource from one of the leading Muybridge authorities, who is also promising a Muybridge ‘blog’ in the near future.

Further information:

‘Tiger’ Sarll

Tiger Sarll

Strolling about the second-hand bookshops, on a beautiful warm Spring day, I chanced upon Adventurer Extraordinary: The Tiger Sarll Story (1961), by Godfrey Lias. His is a tall story well worth telling, if not always believing. Thomas Henry William Bang-fee Sarll (Bang-fee came courtesy of the Chinese minister to London, a family friend) was born in 1882, and originally trained as a doctor. In 1899 he enlisted with the South African Light Horse in the Anglo-Boer War, where he was wonded and lost the sight in his left eye. He next became a big game hunter in Africa (a curious choice for someone who was a life-long vegetarian), then joined the Royal Canadian Dragoons. He returned to London, where he became an actor, including films. He next dabbled in journalism, travelling to Morocco in 1907, and after further world travel (including Argentina and the Mexican revolution) became a cameraman for the British newsreels Warwick Bioscope Chronicle, Pathe’s Animated Gazette and Williamson’s Animated News. He seems not to have been very good as a cameraman (having just the one eye may not have helped), but nevertheless was sent off by Pathe to film the Balkan War in 1912. Reports suggest that his expedition cost £600 without obtaining any good footage, though the BFI database lists one film taken by him at this time of a Turkish retreat (the date of 1915 is an error). He was sacked by Pathe, but clearly had a persuasive gift as he was taken on by Williamson, for whom he filmed the 1913 Derby, then on the outbreak of the First World War he was taken on by Transatlantic and filmed scenes in Belgium, though his footage was never used.

Sarll was the archetypal English eccentric, dressing in spats and monocle, and dominating everyone with his 6′ 4″ height and powerful personality. After the war he returned to Morocco to report on the rebellion against the Spanish, then went Mexico to capture pythons and alligators for zoos. On his return, he started up a circus act, handling snakes and alligators. He was a fire-fighter during World War, and ended his extraordinary career as security officer at a nuclear power station. His biography was published after an appearance on the TV programme This is Your Life, where he notably failed to recognise some of his grown-up offspring (“You’re not one of mine, are you? Which one are you?”).

There’s more about him in his biography on the British Universities Newsreel Database. The picture above is from The Bioscope (5 December 1912) and shows him with his Pathé camera stationed with the Turkish army at Chorlu. [Update: The site is now called News on Screen and the link has been changed to http://bufvc.ac.uk/newsonscreen/search/staff/detail.php?id=33189]

Broncho Billy Silent Film Festival

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The 10th annual Broncho Billy Silent Film Festival is taking place at the Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum, Fremont, California, June 29-July 1. This year the festival celebrates 100 years of the Essanay Film Manufacturing Company. The web page for the festival still has information on the 2006 festival, but if you go to their Saturday Night Film Schedule a full list of titles and dates is given. See not only Broncho Billy Anderson, the early cinema’s favourite cowboy, but also Ben Turpin, Max Linder, Beverley Bayne, Francis X. Bushman, Rod LaRoque and Wallace Berry. There’s an evening of Broncho Billy films included, and among the musicians is the incomparable Phil Carli.

Goad

As some of you will know, the Goad plans were insurance plans of cities in Britain and elsewhere by Chas. E. Goad. If one searches the COPAC union catalogue of British academic and research libraries (http://www.copac.ac.uk) under ‘maps’, over 6,000 such plans and sets of plans come up. Over a thousand of these are for the period 1880s to 1920.

In the period after 1900, buildings used as cinemas or classed as cinemas are sometimes indicated on these plans, as such buildings were of course known fire hazards. Probably film stores would have been charted too. I have long thought, even before these plans were so well catalogued online on COPAC, that an interesting project for someone would be to use these plans to locate such film-related buildings.

Many of the Goad plans cover Canadian towns and cities, and I believe that, as the originals were lost in a fire in a store in Canada some years ago, these British copies (mainly held in the British Library) are the only surviving examples. Where else would one find an insurance map of Moose Jaw in 1909? British and Canadian early film scholars please note.

The Written Word

Today I was looking over an article I located from the Illustrated London News dated August 19, 1922. The title of the piece is “The Birth of the Cinematograph: From Still to Moving Pictures”. This particular article was written by Will Day. Day was an enthusiastic collector of many things, among them some of the early apparatus of pre-cinema and moving pictures. The article is a very interesting document in that it relates much of the pre-cinema history as opposed to traditional moving images. It also has me reflecting on another group of individuals in motion picture history. People such as Day, Merritt Crawford, Earl Thiesen and countless others spent an inordinate amount of time and energy in the attempt to document moving image history. When you think about it, if not for these men, much sole source data such as first person interviews and correspondence might not exist. In many cases actual footage, and equipment is no longer available, so this turns out to be our only method of providing a sense of the history of the Industry. I have found it fascinating in the course of my own research; be it by design or by accident to locate and find written histories left by many more people who played a part in the development of the film industry.

Pre-Cinema Project

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I just came across this section from the George Eastman House web site. GEH is one of the world’s leading media archives, and has a rich selection of images online, chiefly from its photography collections. My eye was caught by the Pre-Cinema Project, which presents a collection of magic lantern images, including photographs of lanterns, magic lantern slides, toy lantern slides, a Muybridge Zoopraxiscope disk, slip slides, and a lovely selection of slides relating to motion pictures – audience notices (such as the slide above), slides that were part of multimedia presentations, and film advertisements.

A Tour of the Cinema Museum with Ronald Grant


I’m a bit wary about adding YouTube clips to The Bioscope. My pernickety film archivist principles will prevent me from posting anything that’s been ripped off illegally from somewhere else, so I’ll try to stick to legitimately posted stuff which is of interest. So, let’s start with this wonderful tour of The Cinema Museum, the treasure trove of film memorabilia held in the former Lambeth workhouse where Chaplin’s mother was incarcerated. It isn’t open to the public alas, but this five-minute tour is a real treat, with programmes, music scores, posters, films, memorabilia, costumes, equipment, journals and stills, all crammed in so that there’s barely room to move.

A good read or two

Having expressed disappointment at the Silent Cinema book by Brian Robb, what should the person new to silents read as an introduction to the subject? There’s not much among new publications (please somebody let me know if you have opinions otherwise), but I’ve come up with a top ten that I would recommend.

1. Karl Brown, Adventures with D.W. Griffith (1973)

Out of print, but easy to find second hand, this a memoir by the assistant cameraman to Billy Bitzer, who was D.W. Griffith’s cinematographer. It is an eye-witness account of the making of Birth of a Nation and Intolerance, written with immense charm, wit and memorable observation. There is no other book like it for conjuring up the excitement and creativity of early filmmaking. It’s a terrific read, funny and informative, making you wish that you had been there too.

2. Ivan Butler, Silent Magic: Rediscovering the Silent Film Era (1987)

Another book from someone who was there. Ivan Butler saw his first film in 1915 and went on to become a film historian. This is a marvellously evocative account of the films he saw in the silent era, year-by-year, with sharp observations not only on the notable films and stars of the period but also many names and titles now forgotten. You get a real sense of what it was like to be a regular filmgoer in the 1920s (in Britain). It’s out of print, but well worth tracking down.

3. Edward Wagenknecht, The Movies in the Age of Innocence (1962)

A classic survey of the silent screen from the early one-reelers to the 1920s, concentrating on American silent cinema. It is literate and enthusiastic in equal measure, mixing personal recollection with wise observation. And it’s still in print.

4. David Robinson, Chaplin (1985)

Charlie Chaplin’s own Autobiography is a candidate for this list, but my vote goes for this exhaustive, amazing biography, 792 pages and yet you may want to read it all at single setting. It makes best use of unprecentend access to the Chaplin archives, and it is just such an amazing, Twentieth Century story.

5. Brian Coe, The History of Movie Photography (1981)

If you have to have one book on motion picture technology (and it’s worth having one), this is it. It doesn’t just cover the silent era, but for that period alone (and the ‘pre-cinema’ of the nineteenth century and before) it is the best, clearest and most helpfully illustrated publication yet produced. All good film archivists swear by it. Of course it’s out of print, but not hard to find.

6. George Pearson, Flashback: The Autobiography of a British Film Maker (1957)

Pearson was a schoolteacher, aged thirty-seven, when in 1912 he gave up his steady career to become a film director and writer with the Pathe company in Britain. This is a touching, thoughtful and often inspiring memoir from someone who toiled during the difficult years of British filmmaking. His hopes for film as an art and as a source of instruction are inspiring, even if his personal achievements were relatively humble. It’s also just a very readable and observant account of the British film industry over three decades.

7. Charles Musser, Before the Nickelodeon: Edwin S. Porter and the Edison Manufacturing Company (1992)

OK, this scholarly and very detailed work isn’t every beginners idea of where to begin, but if your interest is in the scholarly excitement generated by early cinema, and how the field of film before 1914 can be a source of ideas, debate and theory, this is the book for you. It uses the carer of Edwin S. Porter (director of The Great Train Robbery) as a way into a deep understanding of how the motion picture industry emerged, ably situated within a broader socio-cultural framework. It has inspired many other such studies, but hasn’t really been beaten yet.

8. Kevin Brownlow, The War The West and The Wilderness (1978)

Most would put Brownlow’s famous The Parade’s Gone By in such a list, but this is my favourite of his books, which shows us that there was much more to the silent cinema than the conventional fiction feature film. This is about the pioneers who went out and filmed wars and revolutions, went exploring with the camera, and recorded the wild West in the first years of cinema. It’s particularly good on the actuality filming of the First World War, and films of polar exploration. It’s a book about discovery which has discoveries itself on every page. There’s such enthusiasm and admiration on every page. It’s out of print of course, and copies tend to be a bit costly – but, go on, treat yourself.

9. Walter Kerr, The Silent Clowns (1975)

Another classic. No book conjures up better the skill and immense fun of the great silent comedians. It has definitive observations on Chaplin, Keaton, Lloyd, Laurel and Hardy, Langdon and a host of other, it is richly illustrated, and it has wise things to say on what we laugh at and why.

10. Garth Jowett, Film: The Democratic Art (1976)

This is a social history of American film. There have been far too few such histories, as though film existed solely on the screen, without any wider social significance. This book does what any sensible history of such a phenomenon should do: it looks at the social, political, cultural and economic forces which drove cinema, with the focus on audiences and institutions. It goes beyond the silent cinema period, but if you want to see how film in the silent era interacted with society (and you should), this is a very good place to start.